ETex PCB Assembly

02/17/2023

10/25/2022

The Nyquist sampling theorem, or more accurately the Nyquist-Shannon theorem, is a fundamental theoretical principle that governs the design of mixed-signal electronic systems.

10/19/2022

Learn about the importance of the Fourier series in circuit analysis and the Fourier series equations, while gaining insight into how this analysis tool works.

10/18/2022

At element14, we work closely with engineers and manufacturers to bring the best technology, support and information together to help you create innovative electronic systems. Download our latest eBooks here.

10/09/2022

Industrial automation is faced with ever-increasing system complexity: numerous devices and systems require integration with a high degree of reliability. To meet the demands of next-generation industrial automation applications, these systems and their interconnections can be based upon open standards that are sufficiently ruggedized and meet stringent power/data requirements. This white paper will discuss how these challenges are being met with TE Connectivity’s solutions for automation controls. It examines trends in industrial applications and automation controls before discussing automation controls connector solutions.

10/09/2022

The LCR meters R&S®LCX100 and R&S®LCX200 precisely measure the complex impedance and the resulting components values over a wide frequency range. Dynamic impedance measurements allow to perform these measurements while sweeping the test signal frequency or other parameters like test signal level and DC bias. This application note provides a PC-based software tool for comfortably setting the sweeps and displaying the results in numerous charts.

10/06/2022

Almost every switched-mode power supply (SMPS) needs an EMI (Electro Magnetic Interference) input filter to suppress any disturbances of the SMPS on the power lines. This requirement having an input filter in the design ensures that no negative effect will occur in other parts of the systems connected to the power lines. Therefore, the design and the validation of the input filter is a major task during a typical power supply design. The conducted emission (CE) test according to a specific standard is a suitable and a common validation method to release the design at the end of the development cycle. Nowadays, this conducted emission test will be performed as pre-compliance test during the development phase in the lab as well. In this case, the designer will obtain an early feedback whether the design has to be optimized regarding any disturbances present on the power lines. In most cases, the designer has to adjust the input filter to obtain a more effective suppression of disturbances generated by the SMPS. However, the designer needs to know details about the noise spectrum to optimize the input filter as effective as possible. In addition to magnitude and frequency information of the noise source, it would be very helpful to know whether the noise is generated by a common mode source or by a differential mode source. During the standard conducted emission test, common and differential mode noise is a combination in the measurement results and thus not possible to gain deeper insights.

This application note will describe a method to separate common-mode and differential-mode separation using two oscilloscope channels. This separation approach works without any additional hardware component like a noise separator. The designer will be able to distinguish between common-mode (CM) and differential-mode (DM) noise. This additional information about the dominant mode provides the capability to optimize input filters very efficiently.

10/05/2022

EMC testing is all about standards. Whether you are developing 5G products, automotive equipment, military equipment or something as simple as a common table lamp, your device must meet requirements set by standardization bodies such as IEC, CISPR, ISO, IEEE, CENELEC, ETSI, FCC, ANSI, RTCA or the MIL-STD committee. Enforcement of strict EMC limits can delay product certification, leading to lost revenue, added cost, and redesign headaches.

The number of EMC standards published is steadily increasing. In this white paper by Rohde & Schwarz, explore basic standards, generic standards, and product/product family standards.