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The high level of involvement of representatives of the target audience is a clear proof of a simple fact: consultation with a wide asset reveals the urgent need for the tasks set by the company. There is a controversial point of view that says something like the following: direct participants of technological progress will be subjected to a whole series of independent studies.

06/09/2021

The PF-85 semi-trailer in the USSR never received any serial embodiment. The precision required to manufacture such precision equipment as a moving floor system was simply not technologically achievable in Soviet caravan factories. Yes, and the necessary production culture was not there: even if even on a piece prototype, which was carried out - it would seem - with special care, they could not accurately weld the body at OdAZ, what could be expected in the series? This, unfortunately, was the very case when "Soviet" did not mean "the best."

The PF-85 also had enough other "sores". The hydraulic cylinders were not attached to the frame rigidly enough, with a b...
06/09/2021

The PF-85 also had enough other "sores". The hydraulic cylinders were not attached to the frame rigidly enough, with a backlash. The vertical gap between the ends of the strips and the support sheet turned out to be greatly overestimated - as a result, a bulk load was clogged there, and the strips themselves gradually sagged. In addition, the slats "danced" in height up to 3 mm relative to each other: this caused unstable movement of some types of cargo inside the body and, over time, would certainly lead to deformation of the most protruding slats. The hydraulic valve, which ensures the cyclicity of loading and unloading processes, turned out to be unsuccessful, since the design of its drive did not ensure the stability of the settings during operation. It was also not possible to ensure the proper quality of sealing the movable wall, as a result, when unloading, part of the bulk cargo fell off it. Internal welds on the side walls of the body were so rough that they tore the bags and bales when unloading. And in the design of the awning winding mechanism, they forgot to provide a retainer that holds the fully folded awning near the right side of the body.

Nevertheless, in the loading mode, floor malfunctions periodically occurred - planks stopped or two adjacent planks retu...
06/09/2021

Nevertheless, in the loading mode, floor malfunctions periodically occurred - planks stopped or two adjacent planks returned at the same time. Two weeks after the start of the tests, representatives of the GSKB for loaders tried to replace the oil pump of the tractor with another, more efficient one. It didn't help much: the speed of movement of the planks increased to only 0.7 m / min. Then they began to understand the reasons for the great resistance in the operation of the mechanism. There were many of them. For example, instead of the design value of 3 mm, the gap between the planks turned out to be 2 mm. The loss of this millimeter has led to crushing of the plastic seals and the occurrence of high friction losses. The floor planks themselves were painted from below during manufacture, and this also prevented their smooth movement along plastic plain bearings: the paint was peeled off and turned into an abrasive. And the lack of protection of the floors from dirt flying from under the tractor led to contamination and freezing of the hydraulic valve, moving bars and plain bearings.

The system of moving floors in the Soviet version turned out to be, on the whole, workable, but with significant reserva...
06/09/2021

The system of moving floors in the Soviet version turned out to be, on the whole, workable, but with significant reservations, since it was not possible to recognize all foreign know-how on a swoop by examining and measuring the Blumhardt semitrailer. In addition to the heavily overstated weight, the PF-85 was distinguished by a very low floor movement speed - at first, only half a meter per minute (four times lower than the design value). The main reason for this was the excessive frictional losses in the floor mechanism. The capacity of the oil pump installed at KamAZ was simply not enough for the hydraulic cylinders to push the bars with the load at a higher speed. To ensure the maximum oil supply, the tractor engine had to be rotated to maximum speed during the operation of the moving floor. As a result, the fuel consumption for the operation of the loading and unloading device during the tests reached 14% of the total operating consumption of the road train.

The experimental Soviet road train passed preliminary tests directly in Odessa, where it was tested on the transportatio...
06/09/2021

The experimental Soviet road train passed preliminary tests directly in Odessa, where it was tested on the transportation of waste paper in bales, tomatoes in boxes, barley and corn on the cob. Then it was transferred to Moscow and transferred for operational tests to the base of the Mosgorglavsnab. There, in the period from October to December 1986, he transported rolls of paper, bales of rags, bags of cardboard, bags of starch and powders, and expanded clay in bulk. Mechanized loading of the body with piece loads using moving floors took an average of 45 minutes, and unloading by dumping the contents of the body onto the site of the consignee took 24 minutes.

A prototype of a Soviet semi-trailer with moving floors, designated PF-85, was assembled in Odessa in 1986. Based on the...
03/09/2021

A prototype of a Soviet semi-trailer with moving floors, designated PF-85, was assembled in Odessa in 1986. Based on the serial OdAZ-9370 chassis, it turned out to be much more compact than the "German" in length and could hold only 45.3 cubic meters against 70. But its weight turned out to be almost the same - 7620 kg against 7800. And this despite the fact that the walls of the body They tried to make PF-85 in the same way from hollow extruded aluminum profiles, and the roof was made in the form of an awning stretched over removable arches (but from black leatherette, since the OdAZ suppliers could not get a transparent polymer material for these purposes). The carrying capacity of the Soviet semi-trailer turned out to be 11.5 tons; "German" with the same weight was carrying 24.2 tons.

In the spring of 1985, having received the first materials on testing the Blumhardt semi-trailer, the main technical dep...
03/09/2021

In the spring of 1985, having received the first materials on testing the Blumhardt semi-trailer, the main technical department of the Ministry of Automobile Industry decided to create its domestic analogue. Several specialized enterprises were involved in this work. Institute NAMI was "strained" by the development of the unloading mechanism and the manufacture of plastic parts of the movable floor (supports and seals). Lviv GSKB for forklift trucks received a task to develop and build a hydraulic floor drive system. The Krasnoyarsk Trailer Plant has manufactured the chassis of the OdAZ-9370 semitrailer in the required specification. The K**a Automobile Plant sent to the NAMI Institute a KamAZ-5410-016 truck tractor with a hydraulic take-off (to drive the hydraulic cylinders of the moving floor). And the Odessa car assembly plant was appointed responsible for the development and manufacture of the body, the release of working drawings for the semi-trailer and the final assembly of the entire product. There, in Odessa, in May 1985, a German road train was brought from Moscow for a whole month, so that the employees of OdAZ and GSKB for forklifts could get acquainted in detail with its design and take the necessary sketches and measurements.

Interestingly, with the help of moving floors, it was possible to unload not only piece and packed in bales or bags, but...
03/09/2021

Interestingly, with the help of moving floors, it was possible to unload not only piece and packed in bales or bags, but also bulk cargo - for example, green mass, wood chips or sawdust. They were loaded into the body through the top, folding the awning and pre-stretching an elastic apron along the floor, connected to a movable vertical wall. The load pressed the apron with its weight against the floor slats, and when unloading, they moved the apron along with the load towards the gate. At the same time, the apron pulled along the vertical wall, which began to play the role of a pushing plate. With the help of the same wall, it was possible to carry out prepressing of lightweight bulk cargo during loading (by turning on the unloading mode without opening the gate).

The moving floors at Bloomhard were a set of 25 longitudinal aluminum strips with plastic seals between them. Each bar c...
03/09/2021

The moving floors at Bloomhard were a set of 25 longitudinal aluminum strips with plastic seals between them. Each bar could move back and forth by 20 cm. Mobility was provided by three hydraulic cylinders, and each cylinder simultaneously moved its own group of bars (every third). When unloading, all the slats simultaneously moved towards the rear swing gates, dragging the load along with them, but they returned back one by one, leaving the load in the same place. So gradually, by two tens of centimeters per cycle, the entire contents of the body moved outward (the cycles were repeated automatically). This unloading process took a long time, but eliminated the danger of overturning. In addition, movable floors made it possible to unload indoors with low ceilings.

As soon as semi-trailers of this type began to spread in Europe, they immediately became interested in the Ministry of t...
03/09/2021

As soon as semi-trailers of this type began to spread in Europe, they immediately became interested in the Ministry of the Automotive Industry of the USSR. As a result, at the very beginning of 1985, one sample of a semi-trailer with moving floors was purchased for the NAMI Institute in Germany: it was the Blumhardt SAL 38 / 22C WF, produced by the now defunct Blumhardt Fahrzeugwerke company. He came to our country in a coupling with a two-axle truck tractor Mercedes-Benz 1628S and first of all he was run in at the NAMI auto-range.

How in 1985 in the USSR they tried to copy a cunning German semi-trailerThe semi-trailers, which will be discussed today...
03/09/2021

How in 1985 in the USSR they tried to copy a cunning German semi-trailer
The semi-trailers, which will be discussed today, can easily be mistaken for ordinary vans. But in fact, they do not have a rigid roof and are able to unload on their own, and not at all due to the tilt of the body. Moreover, they also know how to load themselves! The whole secret lies in the application of the moving floor system patented more than three decades ago by the Dutch company Cargo Floor. It has been producing sets of such floors up to the present time, selling them to trailer manufacturers all over the world. For example, in Russia they are purchased by the Tonar plant. And here we wrote about the French plant Benalu, whose program also includes models of self-unloading semitrailers with Dutch moving floors.

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