The Archaeology of Conflict: Wexford at War

The Archaeology of Conflict: Wexford at War Detailing Wexford's military history with an emphasis on the Civil War period and World War II. Posts by Wexford archaeologist Colm Moriarty

05/08/2025

Wexford County Council is seeking your assistance with the preparation of the County Heritage Plan. Sharing your opinions will help us identify local issues and develop specific actions for the protection, conservation and management of Wexford’s built, natural and cultural heritage.
To find out more please see here: https://www.wexfordcoco.ie/news/wexford-heritage-plan-public-consultation
To go directly to our Heritage Survey please see: https://consult.wexfordcoco.ie/en/content/heritage-plan-survey
County Wexford PPN County Wexford Chamber Slaney News Beat 102 103 Irish Independent South East Radio The Heritage Council Love Wexford Town

The grave of Captain Hans Gullestad at Sheamogues/Coolhull graveyard, Wexford. He was killed on the 1st of April 1942 wh...
06/05/2023

The grave of Captain Hans Gullestad at Sheamogues/Coolhull graveyard, Wexford. He was killed on the 1st of April 1942 when a Norwegian tanker, the Hidlefjord, was sunk by German bombers 12 miles east of Tuskar Rock. Gullestad's body subsequently washed ashore at Cullenstown strand.

100 years ago todayThis memorial just outside Adamstown village commemorates three National Army soldiers who were execu...
24/03/2023

100 years ago today

This memorial just outside Adamstown village commemorates three National Army soldiers who were executed by the anti-Treaty I.R.A. on the 24th of March 1923. On that fateful evening, four National Army soldiers were in McCabe's public house in the Ballagh, Palace East, when a large group of I.R.A. men entered the building. After a brief burst of gunfire, the I.R.A. disarmed the National Army soldiers, one of whom was badly wounded. The injured man was left behind in the pub, while the three remaining able bodied soldiers were marched to an area known as the 'Old Barracks' in Adamstown. Here they were lined-up and shot by an anti-Treaty I.R.A. firing squad. According to republican sources this action was carried out in retaliation for the ex*****on of three anti-Treaty I.R.A. prisoners eleven days previously in Wexford Gaol. The names of the National Army soldiers who were killed in Adamstown were: Thomas Jones from Dublin, Edward O’Gorman from Kilkenny city and Patrick Horan from Callan, Co Kilkenny.

Memorial at Crory, Crossabeg. It marks the spot where 4 anti-Treaty volunteers were killed on this day in 1923 (during a...
23/03/2023

Memorial at Crory, Crossabeg. It marks the spot where 4 anti-Treaty volunteers were killed on this day in 1923 (during a Free State army ambush). The deceased men were John O'Connor, Denis Lacey, Martin Nolan and John Leacy. The memorial was unveiled on the anniversary of their deaths by Bob Lambert, the leader of the South Wexford Brigade, while the oration speech was given by Sean Lemass (future Taoiseach)

The Thosel building in New Ross. Built in 1749 and remodeled in 1806, this structure was turned into a Free State army b...
22/03/2023

The Thosel building in New Ross. Built in 1749 and remodeled in 1806, this structure was turned into a Free State army base in the middle of July 1922. They fortified it with sand bags and barbed wire, while an armoured car was positioned in front of the building. Unsurprisingly, it was a frequent target of anti-treaty IRA attacks, with the last one occurring in March 1923, when it was fired on with rifles and machine guns.

Celtic cross memorial in Taghmon village. It's dedicated to James Parle, John Creane and Patrick Hogan, three anti-Treat...
14/03/2023

Celtic cross memorial in Taghmon village. It's dedicated to James Parle, John Creane and Patrick Hogan, three anti-Treaty I.R.A. men who were executed on the 13th of March 1923. The memorial was unveiled by Bob Lambert (leader of the Kyle Cross flying column) in 1949.

100 year anniversary. On the 13th of March 1923 three Anti-Treaty IRA volunteers, James Parle (Taghmon), John Creane (Ta...
11/03/2023

100 year anniversary.

On the 13th of March 1923 three Anti-Treaty IRA volunteers, James Parle (Taghmon), John Creane (Taghmon) & Patrick Hogan (Wexford town), were executed by firing squad at Wexford Gaol. The account below is taken from a letter written by Fr. Patrick Walsh, the priest who attended the IRA men on the morning of their ex*****on.

'The officer came; the boys made him a cheery good morning. We descended to the ground floor; two poor tired Soldiers, who had stood on guard, above, most of the night and with whom I had chatted awhile stood beside with rifles, tears in their eyes: the boys were taken into separate open cells to have their eyes bandaged: they seemed to offer their heads for the process in an eager sort of way. A little procession was formed: Fr. Wm. recited the prayers, I walked between the two Taghmon boys holding an arm of each: they answered just as they had answered the other prayers. We had a fairly long walk. Eventually we came to the side of a huge grave beside which were the 3 coffins; the wall behind was well sand-bagged 12: (or 15?) young soldiers with rifles were on one knee opposite the sandbags:

We turned when near the wall & beside the grave, we turned the three blindfolded around to face the soldiers, the Wexford boy in the middle. No sound could be heard for eternity of a couple of minutes while the officer made some arrangement. I stood out at an angle to the left of the boys and in line with the soldiers: Fr. Wm. and doctor O'Connor Westgate stood similarly on their right: the boys faces wore an expression of listening to some sound in the distance: the officer made two motions with a handkerchief to the soldiers, these made two corresponding movements, and as he quickly, by a third movement, lowered the handkerchief, I was utterly stunned by the report of the rifles, and although I saw Fr. Wm. actually anointing the Wexford boy (who had dropped like a stone, having apparently got most of the bullets, being in the centre) I stood rooted to the spot where I stood for several seconds. I then realised the situation, the other two poor fellows were dying slowly: I went forward and anointed Parle while F. Wm. anointed Creane......'

(From the Taghmon Historical Jornal Vol. 4)

Ballynastragh House, near Gorey, Co. Wexford was the last of the 'big houses' to be burnt down during the Civil War in W...
08/03/2023

Ballynastragh House, near Gorey, Co. Wexford was the last of the 'big houses' to be burnt down during the Civil War in Wexford. It was home to Sir Thomas Esmonde, a Senator of the new Irish Free State, and his family had been based there since the early 17th century. The house was attacked by armed men on the 9th of March 1923 and it was totally destroyed (it was eventually rebuilt on a much smaller scale in 1937). The account below is taken from the Irish Times newspaper (March 12th, 1923, p. 6).

'Ballynestragh, the beautiful residence of Senator Sir Thomas Henry Grattan Esmonde, Bart., about three miles from Gorey, County Wexford, was set on fire on Friday night, and burned to the ground… The only occupants of the house at the time of the outrage were Colonel Laurence Esmonde, his brother, together with five servants. The raiders, of whom there were about 50 in all, forced an entrance through one of the lower windows at about 9.30 pm, and gave the occupants ten minutes to get ready. They were kept under armed guard in an out-building till the house was well alight, the rooms and furniture having been sprayed with petrol. With the permission of the man in charge, Colonel Esmonde removed the golden chalice and sets of vestments from the beautiful little chapel in the upper portion of the building before the raiders had commenced their work of destruction. These articles are all that was saved. With the aid of a fairly strong wind, gas bombs being also used, the flames made great headway, huge tongues of fire rising towards the sky. They were seen at least ten miles away. The garrison of National troops at Gorey, attracted by the fire, arrived shortly after 11 o'clock, about half an hour after the raiders had left, but they were too late to save the building. Only the bare walls of it remain'.

Photos: National Library of Ireland collections

100 years ago...Wilton Castle, Bree, Enniscorthy. It was just one of a number of 'big houses' that were burnt down by ar...
05/03/2023

100 years ago...

Wilton Castle, Bree, Enniscorthy. It was just one of a number of 'big houses' that were burnt down by armed men during the Irish Civil War (in recent years Wilton has been partially restored). The account below is from the Irish Times newspaper, dated 7th of March 1923:

'Wilton Castle, the residence of Captain P.C. Alcock, about three miles from Enniscorthy, was burned by armed men on Monday night. Nothing remains of the beautiful building but smoke-begrimed, roofless walls, broken windows, and a heap of smouldering debris. The Castle was occupied by a caretaker – Mr James Stynes – the owner, with his wife and family, having gone to England about a year ago. Shortly after 9 o’clock on Monday night the caretaker was at the Steward’s residence…when he was approached by armed men, who demanded the keys to the Castle. When he asked why they wanted the keys, one of the armed men said: “We have come to burn the place. We are sorry”. The raiders told the caretaker that he could remove his personal belongings from the part of the Castle that he occupied, but they would not allow him to remove the furniture. Fearing that the Castle might be burned, however, Captain Alcock had removed the most valuable portion of his furniture some weeks ago, but a good many rooms were left furnished. When the caretaker had removed his property he was ordered back to the Steward’s house. Soon the noise of breaking glass was heard. It appears that the armed men broke all the windows on the ground floor, and having sprinkled the floors with petrol, set them alight. They did not hurry over their work of destruction, and they did not leave the Castle until near 12 o’clock, when the building was enveloped in flames. About thirty men took part in the raid. After the raiders left, the caretaker and Steward, with what help they could procure, tried to extinguish the flames, but their effort was hopeless’.

Photos via the National Library of Ireland Collections

On the 3rd of March 1941 a German Heinkel bomber crashed at Rostoonstown beach, Tacumshane, Co Wexford. The plane had be...
05/03/2023

On the 3rd of March 1941 a German Heinkel bomber crashed at Rostoonstown beach, Tacumshane, Co Wexford. The plane had been badly damaged by anti-aircraft fire during an attack on a British ship. Four of the crew survived but one, Gerd Rister (photo), died from bullet wounds

Photos via Horgan J. & Cummins C. 2016 Luftwaffe Eagles Over Ireland, Horgan Press, Ardfert, 82-84

A poignant Civil War grave at St. Mary's church, Old Ross, Co. Wexford. On the night of the 3rd of March 1923 Margaret a...
03/03/2023

A poignant Civil War grave at St. Mary's church, Old Ross, Co. Wexford. On the night of the 3rd of March 1923 Margaret and John Hornick were travelling to their grandfather's house by horse and cart, when they were shot dead by a Free State sentry near Pallas East Railway station. Margaret was just 12 and her older brother John, 25 (the grave appears to have Margaret's age wrong). After the shooting, the Free State soldiers didn't leave their sentry positions to inspect the wounded and the horse and cart continued to travel along the road. It was the next morning before the deceased siblings were found, slumped in the cart, a number of miles from where the shooting occurred. At the subsequent inquest, the Free State soldiers claimed that the Hornicks had refused to halt when ordered and warning shots were fired above their heads. However, the soldiers' evidence proved confusing and contradictory and we will probably never know what really happened on that tragic night.

Coolbawn House, Rathnure, was another victim of the Civil War. It was burned down by armed men on the night of February ...
02/03/2023

Coolbawn House, Rathnure, was another victim of the Civil War. It was burned down by armed men on the night of February 28th 1923. The brief description below is taken from the Irish Times (March 2nd 1923, p. 6)

'Coolbawn, a beautiful unoccupied mansion, near Rathnure, about nine miles from Enniscorthy, owned by Mr. J.R. Weir [sic.], Clonroche, was burned to the ground on Wednesday night. The mansion, which was of modern construction, was built by the late Francis Bruen, of Oak Park, Carlow… It was locally known as "Bruen's Folly", so much money was spent on its er****on'.

Photos: Copyright Mike Searle (CC BY-SA 2.0)

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